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Distributional analysis differentiates cognitive control processes supporting lexical retrieval: an intracranial electroencephalography study
Poster Session A - Sandbox Series, Thursday, October 24, 10:00 - 11:30 am, Great Hall 3 and 4
This poster is part of the Sandbox Series.
Katherine Andrade1, Elizabeth Anderson1, Charles Dickey2,3, Sophie Kajfez4, Burke Rosen2, Carrie R. McDonald5, David Lee5, Leena Kansal5, June Yoshii-Contreras5, Jerry J. Shih5, Sharona Ben-Haim5, Eric Halgren5, Stephanie K. Riès4,6; 1Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA, 2Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, 3Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, 4School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA, 5University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, 6Center for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
The ability to anticipate and resolve conflict are key subprocesses of cognitive control that enable speakers to communicate efficiently. Prior work investigating the temporal dynamics of cognitive control create a distinction between two operating processes: proactive and reactive control. Proactive control is initiated prior to the occurrence of conflict, while reactive control is recruited after conflict is detected. Despite the significance of this processes, the neurobiological mechanisms contributing to cognitive control in language production are unclear. In this study distributional analysis of reaction times were implemented to investigate when conflict between competing linguistic representations is resolved within the language system and to determine which general cognitive control skills are employed in resolving conflict. Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) was acquired from thirteen patients (7M; mean age = 29.5 yrs; SD= 8.1yrs) undergoing clinical monitoring for intractable epilepsy; eight individuals (5M; mean age = 29.4yrs; SD=7.9yrs) had sufficiently available intracranial data to be included in the electrophysiological analysis. In a picture-word interference task, participants named pictures superimposed with to-be-ignored distractor words that are either semantically-related (R), semantically-unrelated (UR), or identical (ID) to the picture name. There was a main effect of condition on reaction time (Χ2 (2,7) = 36.18, p <.001). Response times were found to be significantly longer for related compared to unrelated conditions (β_raw= 5.932x10^(-05), t=5.91, p<0.01) and fastest for identity compared to unrelated conditions (β_raw= 8.476x10^(-05), t=4.08, p=.002). Distributional analysis of reaction times revealed a significant interaction effect between conditions and quantiles (Χ2 (1,18) = 66.54, p<.001). A significant interference effect (RvsUR) emerged from the 6th to the 10th quantiles (β_raws> -36.77, ps<.04). A significant facilitation effect (IDvsUR) emerged earlier at the 5th quantile onward (β_raws> -35.11, ps<.05). SEEG results reveal a main effect of condition (Χ2 (1,1) = 4.24, p <.05), electrode location (Χ2 (1,24) = 60.71, p <.001), and window (Χ2 (1,4) = 22.27, p <.001). The UR condition elicited significantly greater activity than the related condition in three brain regions: the caudal anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and superior frontal gyrus. This effect occurred in the 550 - 750 ms post-stimulus time-window in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC; β_raw= -144251.4, SE = 68698.9, t = -2.10, p = .036), in the 800 - 1000 ms post-stimulus time-window in the insula, and in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG). Additional participants are needed to interpret the interplay between facilitation and interference effects on cognitive control processes across brain regions. However, these preliminary behavioral results suggest that reactive control was initiated after conflict was detected to resolve interference as seen in slower responses.
Topic Areas: Control, Selection, and Executive Processes, Language Production